Mysql（1）Linux安装MySQL8

介绍

在我们日常工作中有可能遇到因为某些原因服务器与外网隔离，无法访问外部网络。这时候我们只能采用rpm包安装、源码安装或者二进制包来安装程序，而源码安装又需要提前处理好各种编译依赖(gcc、g++等)，比较麻烦。这里介绍一下如何使用二进制包安装Mysql8

部署环境

系统：CentOS7
Mysql版本：8.0.30 直达地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

1 新建mysql用户

$ useradd mysql

2 下载解压mysql-8.0.30包

可以直接使用wget命令下载，或者去mysql官网下载再上传到服务器

$ cd /home
$ wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
$ mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
$ mv mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30

3 修改my.cnf文件

$ mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
$ vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port=3306
socket                         = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
basedir                        = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/
datadir                        = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/data
port                           = 3306
mysqlx_port                    = 33060
socket                         = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/mysql.sock
mysqlx_socket                  = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/mysql.sock
pid-file                       = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/mysqld.pid
innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 1024M
sql_mode                       = 'STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
max_connections                = 400
max_user_connections           = 200
interactive_timeout            = 900
wait_timeout                   = 900
connect_timeout                = 86400
max_connect_errors             = 10
character-set-server           = utf8mb4
default-storage-engine         = innodb
lower_case_table_names         = 1
default-authentication-plugin  = mysql_native_password

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/error.log
EOF

4 初始化mysql

$ /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/bin/mysqld  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/data --initialize-insecure

注意：初始化会生成文件到/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/data目录下，如果初始化到一半失败，修改之后重新初始化要先清除data文件夹下面的所有文件。

5 创建mysqld.pid和error.log文件

$ touch /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/mysqld.pid
$ touch /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/error.log

6 更改文件夹所属用户

$ chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30

7 创建软连接

$ ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

8 创建mysql服务

$ vim/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

[Unit]
Description=mysql
After=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.30/support-files/mysql.server restart
User=mysql
Group=mysql

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

9 启动mysql并设置开机自启

$ systemctl start mysqld
$ systemctl enable mysqld

10 防火墙放行端口

$ firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
$ firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=33060/tcp
$ firewall-cmd --reload
$ firewall-cmd --list-ports

11 创建远程连接用户

进入mysql（默认密码空），更改root密码，创建并授权新用户，设置远程访问权限

$ mysql -uroot -p

mysql>  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin@123456';
mysql>  CREATE USER 'hzbb'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin@123456';
mysql>  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON  *.* TO 'hzbb'@'%';
mysql>  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

12 检查用户的密码认证方式

在mysql8版本之后新建用户默认为caching_sha2_password，我们在my.cnf文件里已经该成了mysql_native_password的认证方式

mysql>  use mysql
mysql>  select host, user, plugin from user;

+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| %         | hzbb             | mysql_native_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | root             | mysql_native_password |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)